What is cefpodoxime?

Cefpodoxime (brand names: Simplicef® and Vantin®) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat skin infections in dogs. Bacteria susceptible to cefpodoxime include certain Staphylococcus and Pasteurella species, Streptococcus canis, E. coli, and certain bacteria causing urinary tract and respiratory infections.

The use of cefpodoxime in cats and for the treatment of urinary tract infections in dogs is considered off label (extra label). Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. “Off label” means the drug is being used in a way that has not been reviewed or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Health Canada. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions carefully, as they may be significantly different from those on the label.

How is cefpodoxime given?

• Cefpodoxime is available as a tablet and as an oral suspension (liquid).
• Liquid forms must be shaken well before use and carefully measured.
• Cefpodoxime should be given by mouth with or without food.
• If your pet vomits after receiving the drug on an empty stomach, try giving the next dose with food. If vomiting continues, contact your veterinarian.
• It is important that your pet completes the antibiotic as directed by your veterinarian even if your pet appears to feel better. Do not stop giving this medication to your pet unless your veterinarian instructs you to do so.

What if I miss giving my pet a dose of the medication?

If you miss a dose, give it as soon as you remember, and then continue with the regular dosing schedule. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not give the pet two doses at once.

Are there any potential side effects?

Cefpodoxime may cause the following side effects:

• Vomiting, decreased appetite
• Diarrhea
• Lethargy

If these effects worsen, become severe, or continue, contact your veterinarian as soon as possible.

Serious adverse reactions associated with this drug may occur without warning and could, in rare cases, lead to death. If any of the following signs develop, stop giving cefpodoxime and contact your veterinarian immediately:

• Complete loss of appetite (in cats), leading to serious liver problems (hepatic lipidosis)
• Skin rash, trouble breathing, pale gums, or facial swelling

Drug sensitivities can develop over time, with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment.  

Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately.  This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease.

Are there any risk factors for this medication?

DO NOT USE cefpodoxime in pets that:

• Are allergic to it or other cephalosporins or penicillins
• Are pregnant (unless necessary)

USE WITH CAUTION in pets that:

• Have kidney disease
• Are nursing
• Have a history of seizures (not tested in animals, but medications containing cefpodoxime are used cautiously in people with a history of seizures)

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

Certain medications may interact with cefpodoxime, so be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any new treatment.

In a pet with diabetes, cefpodoxime may interact with urine glucose tests and cause false-positive results.

Is any monitoring needed with this medication?

• Your veterinarian will let you know when and how they want to reassess your pet to ensure the medication is working and not causing side effects.
• At home, monitor for any side effects such as those noted above. If any occur, stop using the medication and contact your veterinarian.

How do I store cefpodoxime?

• Cefpodoxime tablets should be stored in a tightly sealed container, protected from light, at temperatures between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).
• Liquid suspensions must be stored in the refrigerator between 35°F and 45°F (2°C and 8°C) and discarded after 14 days.

What should I do in case of an emergency?

Most overdoses of cefpodoxime cause diarrhea, vomiting, lack of appetite, and lethargy; however, some overdoses can be more serious. If you suspect an overdose and your pet is experiencing an adverse reaction, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Be prepared to provide information about the product and your pet's weight and symptoms.